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HMS Amethyst (1873)
HMS ''Amethyst'' was the lead ship of the s built for the Royal Navy in the early 1870s. She participated in the Third Anglo-Ashanti War in 1873 before serving as the senior officer's ship for the South American side of the South Atlantic. The ship was transferred to the Pacific Station in 1875 and fought in the Battle of Pacocha against the rebellious Peruvian ironclad warship ''Huáscar'' two years later. This made her the only British wooden sailing ship ever to fight an armoured opponent.〔 After a lengthy refit, ''Amethyst'' again served as the senior officer's ship on the South American station from 1882–85. She was sold for scrap two years later.
==Design and description==
''Amethyst'' was long between perpendiculars, had a beam of and had a draught of . The ship displaced and had a burthen of 1,405 tons. Her crew consisted of 225 officers and enlisted men.〔Lyon & Winfield, p. 288〕 Unlike her iron-hulled contemporaries, the ship's wooden hull prevented any use of watertight transverse bulkheads.〔Ballard, p. 436〕
The ship had one two-cylinder horizontal compound expansion steam engine made by J. & G. Rennie, driving a single propeller. Six cylindrical boilers provided steam to the engine at a working pressure of . The engine produced a total of which gave ''Amethyst'' a maximum speed of during her sea trials. The ship carried of coal, enough to steam between at .〔 ''Amethyst'' was ship rigged and had a sail area of . The lower masts were made of iron, but the other masts were wood. The ship, and her sisters, were excellent sailors and their best speed under sail alone was approximately that while under steam. Ballard says that all the ships of this class demonstrated "excellent qualities of handiness, steadiness and seaworthiness".〔Ballard, pp. 436, 440〕 Her propeller could be hoisted up into the stern of the ship to reduce drag while under sail.〔 During her refit in 1878, ''Amethyst'' was re-rigged as a barque.〔Ballard, p. 443〕
The ship was initially armed with a mix of 64-pounder 71-cwt〔"cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 64 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.〕 and 64-cwt rifled muzzle-loading guns. The twelve 71-cwt guns were mounted on the broadside while the two lighter 64-cwt guns were mounted underneath the forecastle and poop deck as chase guns. In 1878, the ship's 71-cwt guns were replaced by 64-cwt guns.〔Ballard, pp. 438–39, 443〕
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